We propose an integrated framework for the mathematical modeling of opinion dynamics based on notable social psychology theories and previous analytical models. The framework introduces a continuous measure of total social distance, which incorporates non-affective components such as geographical separation, social network connectedness, and status homophily in terms of social similarity, and an affective component for value homophily between the agents. A governing equation is derived for the solution of opinion dynamics problems. Eight examples are provided to illustrate the application of the framework such as the interactions among individuals within an isolated group, interactions of two groups, the effects of different components of social distance, the roles of opinion leader, the effects of different social norms, and the interaction of multiple opinion topics.